Tajuk 1493 : Cenggini cara menulis kajian lepas dalam LR

Ramai yang 'tak lepas' bila mengupas kajian lepas dalam LR. Apabila anda merujuk 'secara khusus' kepada satu-satu kajian utk dikupas, anda perlu kupas 'dapatan' yang diperolehi oleh kajian tersebut.

Contoh 1: Satu kajian

PG suka menulis secara umum sahaja seperti ini.

'Greenbowe (2000) found that the use of animation in chemistry lessons was significantly preferable over conventional transparencies.'

Ayat di atas spt tergantung dalam bentuk idea, bukan dapatan dari kajian Greenbowe (2000) yang anda rujuk. Kalau begitu, ia lebih sesuai ditulis sebagai...

'For most students, the use of animation in chemistry lessons was preferable over conventional transparencies (Greenbowe, 2000)'

Sepatutnya dihuraikan dengan 'main finding':

'Greenbowe (2000) found that the use of animation in chemistry lessons was significantly preferable over conventional transparencies. Based on the findings, the author then suggested that animation is effective in displaying dynamic motions of chemical processes which can enhance student s‘ understanding of complex, abstract and dynamic concepts of electrochemistry.'

Contoh 2: Dua kajian bergabung

Begitu juga bila anda gabungkan dua atau lebih kajian. Ini contoh yang selalunya ditulis oleh PG, dengan perkataan yang tidak konsisten (science teacher vs chemistry teacher) dan tiada kupasan dapatan utama:

'Lewin (2003) in his study on science education noted that in reality, science teachers in Malaysia operate under the purpose of covering the syllabus and to do well in the examination. Another study by Daud (2004) revealed that a majority of chemistry teachers in Malaysia use the direct transmission approach to explain and draw electrochemical cells, whilst students passively listen and take notes.'

Ini adalah paragraph yang lebih comprehensive yang patut ditulis dalam LR:

'Lewin (2003) in his study noted that in reality, chemistry teachers in Malaysia operate under the purpose of covering the syllabus and to do well in the examination The study found that chemistry teachers utilized exam-oriented teaching methods that merely emphasized rote learning. Another study by Daud (2004) added to this finding that a majority of chemistry teachers in Malaysia use the direct transmission approach to explain and draw electrochemical cells, whilst students passively listen and take notes. In this study, chemistry teachers preferred to use only the blackboard to illustrate static images of the electrons and ions involved in the electrochemical process.'

Kesimpulan:
Bila anda merujuk kepada satu-satu artikel dengan menulis:

A(2009) revealed that...
B and C (2016) found that ...
The study by P (2015) showed that...

Maka perkataan spt 'revealed' perlu diikuti dgn kupasan dapatan utama secara khusus kepada kajian yang dirujuk... kalau tidak apa gunanya ada perkataan spt 'revealed, found dan showed' tersebut...

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OT
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